{"id":2962,"date":"2022-11-05T18:02:27","date_gmt":"2022-11-05T18:02:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/?p=2962"},"modified":"2022-12-10T12:52:30","modified_gmt":"2022-12-10T12:52:30","slug":"vaugondy-father-and-son","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/vaugondy-father-and-son\/","title":{"rendered":"Vaugondy (father and son)"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2962\" class=\"elementor elementor-2962\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87c594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87c594\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-901262e\" data-id=\"901262e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eg5anmd elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eg5anmd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e7ccd\" data-id=\"36e7ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e729a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e729a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">description<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9328c35 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"9328c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cThe Atlas Universel,\u201d\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk2OCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcL0F0bGFzX1VuaXZlcnNlbC0zMjZ4NDM5LTEuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOTMyOGMzNSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Atlas_Universel-326x439-1.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Atlas_Universel-326x439-1-223x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cThe Atlas Universel,\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cGRAND DUCH\u00c9 DE LITHUANIE\u201c\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1749. From &quot;AtlasPortatif,\nuniversel et militaire...&quot;\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3MiwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NDlfRGVfVmF1Z29uZHlfbGl0aHVhbmllX3JhcmVtYXBzX0NBUlQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOTMyOGMzNSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_De_Vaugondy_lithuanie_raremaps_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_De_Vaugondy_lithuanie_raremaps_CART.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cGRAND DUCH\u00c9 DE LITHUANIE\u201c\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 3\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cGRAND DUCH\u00c9 DE LITHUANIE\u201c\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1761. From &quot;Bureau\nde l&#039;Atlas National.&quot;\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6Mjk3MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NjFfY19yb2JlcnRfZGVfdmF1Z29uZHlfZ3JhbmRfZHVjaGVfZGVfbGl0aHVhbmllX3VuaXZ2aWxuaXVzbGlicmFyeV9DQVJULmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjkzMjhjMzUifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1761_c_robert_de_vaugondy_grand_duche_de_lithuanie_univvilniuslibrary_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1761_c_robert_de_vaugondy_grand_duche_de_lithuanie_univvilniuslibrary_CART.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cGRAND DUCH\u00c9 DE LITHUANIE\u201c\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febb385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"febb385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Gilles Robert de Vaugondy and his son Didier Robert de Vaugondy<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610fe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"610fe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Gilles Robert de Vaugondy (1688\u20131766), also known as Le Sieur or Monsieur Robert, and his son, Didier Robert de Vaugondy (c. 1723\u20131786), were leading mapmakers in France during the 18th century. In 1757, they published \u201cThe Atlas Universel\u201d one of the most important atlases of the 18th century. To<br \/>produce the atlas, the Robert de Vaugondys integrated older sources with more modern surveyed maps. They verified and corrected the latitude and longitude of many regional maps in the atlas with astronomical observations. The older material was revised with the addition of many new place names. Gilles was appointed &#8220;Geographe du roi&#8221; in 1734, while Didier was appointed geographer to Louis XV in 1751. Gilles and Didier produced their 500+ maps and terrestrial globes working together as father and son. In some cases it is uncertain whether Gilles or Didier made a given map. Gilles often signed maps as &#8220;M. Robert&#8221;, while Didier commonly signed his maps as &#8220;Robert de Vaugondy&#8221; or added &#8220;fils&#8221; or &#8220;filio&#8221; after his name. The Robert de Vaugondys were descended from the Nicolas Sanson family through Sanson&#8217;s grandson, Pierre Moulard-Sanson; from him they inherited much of Sanson&#8217;s cartographic material, which they combined with maps and plates acquired after Hubert Jaillot&#8217;s death in 1712 to form the basis for the &#8220;Atlas Universel&#8221;. Like <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/ortelius-abraham\/\"><strong>Ortelius<\/strong><\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/mercator-gerard-de-cremer\/\"><strong>Mercator<\/strong><\/a>, the Robert de Vaugondys&#8217; credited their sources, which has greatly benefited the study of the history of cartography during that period. Their business was first taken over by globe-maker Jean Fortin, in 1778, and then by Charles Francis Delamarche. Their map &#8220;POLOGNE&#8221; dated 1750, was published in &#8220;M\u00e9thode abr\u00e9g\u00e9e et facile pour apprendre la g\u00e9ographie&#8221; a French geographical school book for<br \/>children, first published in 1705 by Abb\u00e9 Le Fran\u00e7ois. He wrote the book for his pupil Marie Anne Crozat, daughter of Antoine Crozat Marquis de Chatel, a French banker. In the dedication to &#8220;Mademoiselle Crozat&#8221; signed with the initials A. L. F., the author said that although his pupil, Miss Crozat, was herself already too accomplished to really need the book, he was sure that she would love to see her name mentioned. The book became very popular and became known as &#8220;G\u00e9ographie de Crozat&#8221;. It was used in French education for almost a century, going through many editions from about 1751 until well into the 1800&#8217;s. The editions in the 1700&#8217;s all used Vaugondy maps, often dated 1750, but issued into the 1780&#8217;s. Later 18th century editions had new maps engraved but followed the Robert de Vaugondy outdated geography.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-p5fzadt elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"p5fzadt\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dae59b1\" data-id=\"dae59b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59109b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59109b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dates<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c163e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c163e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1688\u20131766 and 1723\u20131786<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690ed9e\" data-id=\"690ed9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab8eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab8eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Place of birth<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e382e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e382e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Paris<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1688\u20131766 and 1723\u20131786<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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