{"id":2432,"date":"2022-11-05T12:45:43","date_gmt":"2022-11-05T12:45:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/?p=2432"},"modified":"2022-11-19T19:30:33","modified_gmt":"2022-11-19T19:30:33","slug":"jeffreys-thomas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/jeffreys-thomas\/","title":{"rendered":"Jeffreys, Thomas"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2432\" class=\"elementor elementor-2432\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87c594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87c594\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-901262e\" data-id=\"901262e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9328c35 elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"9328c35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"A Cartouche\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQzOCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NDlfSmVmZnJ5c19Qb2xhbmRfQ0FSVC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5MzI4YzM1In0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_Jeffrys_Poland_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_Jeffrys_Poland_CART-300x240.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"B Cartouche\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ0MywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NTRfamVmZmVyeXNfcG9sYW5kX2xpdGh1YW5pYV9wcnVzc2lhX3JhcmVtYXBzX0NBUlQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOTMyOGMzNSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1754_jefferys_poland_lithuania_prussia_raremaps_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1754_jefferys_poland_lithuania_prussia_raremaps_CART-300x263.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"C Cartouche.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ0NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NjRfVEplZmZlcnlzX1BvbGFuZF9MaXRodWFuaWFfYW5kX1BydXNzaWEyX0NBUlQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOTMyOGMzNSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1764_TJefferys_Poland_Lithuania_and_Prussia2_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1764_TJefferys_Poland_Lithuania_and_Prussia2_CART-300x272.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;a_prussia_paulmapped_CART\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"D Cartouche.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ0OSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NjREX2plZmZyZXlzX3BvbGFuZF9saXRodWFuYV9wcnVzc2lhX3BhdWxtYXBwZWRfQ0FSVC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5MzI4YzM1In0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1764D_jeffreys_poland_lithuana_prussia_paulmapped_CART.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1764D_jeffreys_poland_lithuana_prussia_paulmapped_CART-300x276.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&quot;a_prussia_paulmapped_CART\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Title page. 1749 first London ed.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NDlfamVmZnJleXNfc2FsbW9uX2FfbmV3X2dlb2dyYXBoaWNhbF9iYWJlbF9oYXRoaXRydXN0X29yZ18yLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjkzMjhjMzUifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_jeffreys_salmon_a_new_geographical_babel_hathitrust_org_2.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1749_jeffreys_salmon_a_new_geographical_babel_hathitrust_org_2-198x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"6 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Title page. 1758 6th,\nLondon, ed.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ2NywidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NThfNnRoX2xvbmRvbl9lZGl0aW9uX3NhbG1vbl9qZWZmcmV5cy5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5MzI4YzM1In0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1758_6th_london_edition_salmon_jeffreys.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1758_6th_london_edition_salmon_jeffreys-199x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"7 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Title page. 1767 New\nEdinburgh ed.\" 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data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Title page. 1771 14th,\nEdinburgh, ed.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ3MCwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3NzFfc2FsbW9uX2plZmZyZXlzX2FfbmV3X2dlb2dyYXBoaWNhbF9lZGluYnVyZ2guanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiOTMyOGMzNSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1771_salmon_jeffreys_a_new_geographical_edinburgh.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1771_salmon_jeffreys_a_new_geographical_edinburgh-205x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" 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alt=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"10 of 10\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"9328c35\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Title page. 1785 13th\nLondon\/ last edition\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjQ3NSwidXJsIjoiaHR0cHM6XC9cL2xpZXR1dm9za2FydG9ncmFmaWphLmx0XC9saXRodWFuaWFubWFwc1wvd3AtY29udGVudFwvdXBsb2Fkc1wvMjAyMlwvMTFcLzE3ODVfc2FsbW9uX2plZmZyZXlzX3BvbGFuZF9saXRoX2FuZF9wcnVzc2lhX1RJVExFX2JyaXRpc2hfbGlicmFyeV92aWFfbnlwbC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiI5MzI4YzM1In0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1785_salmon_jeffreys_poland_lith_and_prussia_TITLE_british_library_via_nypl.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/1785_salmon_jeffreys_poland_lith_and_prussia_TITLE_british_library_via_nypl-186x300.jpg\" alt=\"\u201cA new geographical and historical grammar...\u201d\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eg5anmd elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eg5anmd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e7ccd\" data-id=\"36e7ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e729a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e729a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">description<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febb385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"febb385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jeffreys, Thomas<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610fe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"610fe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>Jeffreys began his career as a copper engraver, becoming an apprentice to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/02\/bowen-emanuel\/\"><strong>Emanuel Bowen<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0in 1735, but increasingly turned to geography and map publishing, eventually becoming one of the leading map suppliers of his era. \u00a0He was appointed &#8220;Geographer to the Prince of Wales&#8221; in 1746, and later to the King. \u00a0The titles indicate that Jeffreys was seen as a reputable publisher with a sufficiently large collection of maps to fill the prince&#8217;s, or king&#8217;s, personal needs. They did not represent an official position sanctioned and salaried by the government. Government agencies used a variety of commercial cartographers to publish maps. While his focus was primarily the New World and Great Britain, he also created maps for\u00a0<u>Gentleman&#8217;s Magazine<\/u> 1746\u20131757, and collaborated with <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/04\/kitchin-thomas\/\"><strong>Thomas Kitchin<\/strong><\/a>,\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/laurie-robert\/\">Laurie<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/05\/whittle-james\/\">Whittle<\/a><\/strong>, and others on regional\/world atlases. Of particular interest to this<br \/>site, he engraved a map titled <strong>&#8220;Poland Lithuania and Prussia&#8221;<\/strong>\u00a0for the first, 1749, edition of &#8220;The\/A new geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221; by historian Thomas Salmon, commonly said to have gone through 14 editions through 1785. I have researched information at the Villanova University Library, the New York Public and British Libraries, various auction houses who had images \u00a0of the title pages of editions, and Barbara \u00a0Backus McCorkle&#8217;s 2009 &#8220;A Carto-Bibliography of the Maps in Eighteenth Century British and American Geography Books&#8221; (not perfect: the 1771 Edinburgh edition is actually titled &#8220;<u>A new<\/u> geographical&#8230;&#8221; not &#8220;<u>The new<\/u>&#8230;&#8221; \u00a0as she states), and I now believe there were at least\u00a0<strong>21 separate editions<\/strong>, the last in\u00a0<strong>1785.<\/strong> The only changes \u00a0in that plate over \u00a036 years were to the cartouche, which I now believe exists in four versions:<\/p><p>A. no vertical hatches; &#8220;T. Jeffreys sculp.&#8221; centered; &#8220;and&#8221; is on a separate line;<\/p><p>B. vertical hatches; &#8220;T. Jeffreys sculp.&#8221; to the right (from the last and most worn plate);<\/p><p>C. no vertical hatches; &#8220;T. Jeffreys sculp.&#8221; erased from plate;<\/p><p>D. no vertical hatches; &#8220;T. Jeffreys sculp.&#8221; to the right.<\/p><p>The First, 1772, Partition of the Polish Lithuanian Commonwealth was ignored in four separate new editions. There is no way to confirm the publish date of a particular version of this map without having seen the title \u00a0page of the edition it came from. Below is the history of this map&#8217;s editions titled either &#8220;The new-&#8221; or &#8220;A new geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221; I have not\u00a0included\u00a0 in this summary Salmon&#8217;s &#8220;gazeteers&#8221; or his &#8220;The new universal geographical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/p><ol><li><strong>1749<\/strong>: &#8220;1st edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>A new\u00a0<\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1751: <\/strong>&#8220;2nd edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1752: <\/strong>&#8220;3rd edition&#8221;, Dublin: \u00a0&#8220;<u>A new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1754: <\/strong>&#8220;3rd edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1756: <\/strong>&#8220;4th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1757: <\/strong>&#8220;5th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1758: <\/strong>&#8220;6th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>A\u00a0new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1760: <\/strong>&#8220;7th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new <\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1760: <\/strong>&#8220;9th edition&#8221;, Dublin: &#8220;<u>A new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1762: <\/strong>&#8220;8th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1764: <\/strong>&#8220;9th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1766: <\/strong>&#8220;10th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>The new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1766: <\/strong>&#8220;12th edition&#8221;, Dublin: &#8220;<u>A new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1767:\u00a0<\/strong>&#8220;New edition&#8221;, Edinburgh: &#8220;<u>A new\u00a0<\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1769: <\/strong>&#8220;11th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>A\u00a0new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1771: <\/strong>&#8220;14th edition&#8221;, Edinburgh: &#8220;<u>A\u00a0new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1772: <\/strong>&#8220;12th edition&#8221;, London: \u201c<u>A\u00a0new<\/u>\u00a0geographical and historical grammar&#8230;\u201d<\/li><li><strong>1777:\u00a0<\/strong>&#8220;New edition&#8221;, Edinburgh: &#8220;<u>The new <\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1778:\u00a0<\/strong>&#8220;1st edition&#8221;, Edinburgh: &#8220;<u>The new <\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1780:\u00a0<\/strong>&#8220;New edition&#8221;, Edinburgh: &#8220;<u>A new <\/u>geographical and historical grammar&#8230;&#8221;<\/li><li><strong>1785: <\/strong>&#8220;13th edition&#8221;, London: &#8220;Salmon&#8217;s geographical and astronomical grammar&#8230;&#8221; <em>Yes, a different title, but the 13th\u00a0London edition,\u00a0nevertheless, according to the title page, with the very same map!<\/em><\/li><\/ol><p>What I found, in reconsidering the 19 different images of this map on my site, was that a number of dates given by sources for their maps was wrong: there could not be two different cartouche types in the same \u00a0edition. My misgivings \u2013 and plate type for each image \u2013 are now (12\/10\/16) on this site. In addition, I found one map, from 1782, misattributed to Thomas Kitchin instead of\u00a0 to Thomas Salmon. Why can&#8217;t I, now that I&#8217;ve verified the editions, assign a particular cartouche<br \/>type to London, Dublin or Edinburgh, or to a timespan? Because this map is twice-folded in the little atlas, and, more often than not,\u00a0\u00a0the clerks at the British Library \u00a0did not bother to scan the complete map \u2013 the cartouche, on the extreme right side, was most often only partially scanned. Auction houses selling the entire volume(s) did not choose the map of Poland Lithuania and Prussia to reproduce. Go figure. Maybe next time I go to the British Library?<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-p5fzadt elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"p5fzadt\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dae59b1\" data-id=\"dae59b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59109b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59109b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Dates<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c163e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c163e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1710\u20131771<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690ed9e\" data-id=\"690ed9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab8eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab8eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Place of birth<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e382e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e382e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>London<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>1710\u20131771<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":1691,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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