{"id":21905,"date":"2024-03-08T16:05:23","date_gmt":"2024-03-08T16:05:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/?p=21905"},"modified":"2024-03-08T16:17:18","modified_gmt":"2024-03-08T16:17:18","slug":"atlas-of-confessions-in-the-western-provinces","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2024\/03\/08\/atlas-of-confessions-in-the-western-provinces\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f.., 1864"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21905\" class=\"elementor elementor-21905\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87c594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87c594\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-901262e\" data-id=\"901262e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24565ce elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"24565ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Distribution by cult of the nine western provinces of Russia.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1864. From www.\neasteurotopo.org, which, in turn credited the University of California at Berkeley&#039;s Earth Sciences Library as the ultimate source for the maps.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE5MDcsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAzXC8xXzE4NjRfYmF0aXVzaGtvdl9jb25mZXNzaW9uYWxfbWFwX3VjYmVya2VsZXlfdmlhX2Vhc3RldXJvdG9wb19vcmdfQ09NUDgwLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjI0NTY1Y2UifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1_1864_batiushkov_confessional_map_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/1_1864_batiushkov_confessional_map_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Distribution by cult of the nine western provinces of Russia.\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Kovno guberniya\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1864. From www.\neasteurotopo.org, which, in turn credited the University of California at Berkeley&#039;s Earth Sciences Library as the ultimate source for the maps.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE5MDgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAzXC8yXzE4NjRfYmF0aXVzaGtvdl9Lb3Zub19ndWJlcm5pYV91Y2JlcmtlbGV5X3ZpYV9lYXN0ZXVyb3RvcG9fQ09NUDgwLmpwZyIsInNsaWRlc2hvdyI6IjI0NTY1Y2UifQ%3D%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2_1864_batiushkov_Kovno_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_COMP80.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2_1864_batiushkov_Kovno_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_COMP80.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Kovno guberniya\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"3 of 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Vilna guberniya.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1864. From www.\neasteurotopo.org, which, in turn credited the University of California at Berkeley&#039;s Earth Sciences Library as the ultimate source for the maps.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE5MTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAzXC8zXzE4NjRfYmF0aXVzaGtvdl9WaWxuYV9ndWJlcm5pYV91Y2JlcmtlbGV5X3ZpYV9lYXN0ZXVyb3RvcG9fb3JnX0NPTVA4MC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIyNDU2NWNlIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3_1864_batiushkov_Vilna_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/3_1864_batiushkov_Vilna_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Vilna guberniya.\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"4 of 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Grodno guberniya.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1864. From www.\neasteurotopo.org, which, in turn credited the University of California at Berkeley&#039;s Earth Sciences Library as the ultimate source for the maps.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE5MTksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAzXC80XzE4NjRfYmF0aXVzaGtvdl9Hcm9kbm9fZ3ViZXJuaWFfdWNiZXJrZWxleV92aWFfZWFzdGV1cm90b3BvX29yZ19DT01QODAuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMjQ1NjVjZSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4_1864_batiushkov_Grodno_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/4_1864_batiushkov_Grodno_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP80.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Grodno guberniya.\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"5 of 5\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Minsk guberniya.\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1864. From www.\neasteurotopo.org, which, in turn credited the University of California at Berkeley&#039;s Earth Sciences Library as the ultimate source for the maps.\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjE5MjAsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAzXC81XzE4NjRfYmF0aXVzaGtvdl9NaW5za19ndWJlcm5pYV91Y2JlcmtlbGV5X3ZpYV9lYXN0ZXVyb3RvcG9fb3JnX0NPTVA3NS5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIyNDU2NWNlIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5_1864_batiushkov_Minsk_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP75.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/5_1864_batiushkov_Minsk_gubernia_ucberkeley_via_easteurotopo_org_COMP75.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...&quot;. Minsk guberniya.\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eg5anmd elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eg5anmd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e7ccd\" data-id=\"36e7ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e729a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e729a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">description<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febb385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"febb385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">\u0410\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e-\u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f...<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610fe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"610fe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\">Pompei Nikolaevich Batiushkov<i> (artilleryman\/mapmaker\/government official in Kovno guberniya) <\/i>&#8211; \u00a0Aleksandr Fyodorivich Rittikh<i> (mapmaker\/lieutenant colonel\/ethnographer).<\/i><\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"text\"><i> (Atlas of Confessions [Religions] Compiled by the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Head Office of the Organization of Orthodox Churches in the Western Provinces)<\/i>, 2nd Edition, St. Petersburg, prepared 1862-64, and based on a combination of data compiled by the Russian Orthodox church and German statisticians like Petr Keppen. The atlas has an overall map of western Russia, and nine individual guberniya maps of (four are shown here). Each guberniya map has two parts: a color image of the area corresponding to the percentage of each confession, and details on the number of inhabitants of both sexes in each district. The seven listed confessions (both Batiushkov and Rittikh contributed): Roman Catholic, Greek-Uniate, Orthodox, Old Believers, Protestants, Jews and Muslims. The ten categories for &#8220;tribes&#8221; (Rittikh&#8217;s primary focus in the atlas): Zhmud (Samogitians), Lithuanians, Kurpaks, Mazurians, Poles, Great Russians, White Russians, Germans, Jews and Tatars. \u00a0Statistical tables were in French, German Latin, Russian and Polish. The impetus for creation of the atlas was insurrection in Poland and historic Lithuania against forced conscription into the Russian military. The &#8220;January Uprising&#8221;<i> (Pol.: powstanie styczniowe; Lith.: 1863 m. sukilimas, Bel.: \u041f\u0430\u045e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0435 1863-<br \/>1864 \u0433\u0430\u0434\u043e\u045e) <\/i>occurred in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth,beginning in Poland on 22 January 1863, and in the former Grand Duchy beginning \u00a0February 1, where it was led by Zygmunt Sierakowski, Antanas Mackevi\u010dius and Konstanty Kalinowski.The last insurgents were captured in 1864. The atlas was used to identify non-Russian peoples and religions for Russification, and as source material for the 1897 All-Russian census. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-p5fzadt elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"p5fzadt\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dae59b1\" data-id=\"dae59b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59109b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59109b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Year<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c163e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c163e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1864<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690ed9e\" data-id=\"690ed9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab8eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab8eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Author<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e382e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e382e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\">Pompei Nikolaevich Batiushkov<i>\u00a0<\/i><\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"text\"> Aleksandr Fyodorivich Rittikh<i> <br \/><\/i><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8709b1\" data-id=\"a8709b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c9e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25c9e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e64f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e64f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.easteurotopo.org\">www.easteurotopo.org<\/a><i><\/i><\/p><p><em>Source for commentary: \u00a0&#8220;Mapping Europe&#8217;s Borderlands,&#8221; Steven Seegel, 2012 and wikipeda.<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Map gallery<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21907,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21905","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-etno_maps"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21905","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21905"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21905\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21923,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21905\/revisions\/21923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21907"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21905"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21905"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21905"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}