{"id":21286,"date":"2024-02-19T15:35:49","date_gmt":"2024-02-19T15:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/?p=21286"},"modified":"2024-03-22T18:07:04","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T18:07:04","slug":"grodna-vera-designatio-urbis-in-littavia-grodnae-1623","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2024\/02\/19\/grodna-vera-designatio-urbis-in-littavia-grodnae-1623\/","title":{"rendered":"Grodna &#8211; Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6, 1623"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21286\" class=\"elementor elementor-21286\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87c594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87c594\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-901262e\" data-id=\"901262e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24565ce elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"24565ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Grodna - Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6.&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1623. From www.sanderusmaps.com\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEyODgsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAyXC8xNjIzYV9CX0hfR3JvZG5vX3NhbmRlcnVzbWFwcy5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIyNDU2NWNlIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1623a_B_H_Grodno_sanderusmaps.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1623a_B_H_Grodno_sanderusmaps.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Grodna - Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6.&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Grodna - Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6.&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"Details, 1623. From www.sanderusmaps.com\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEyODksInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAyXC8xNjIzYl9Hcm9kbm9fdmlld19ERVRBSUwuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMjQ1NjVjZSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1623b_Grodno_view_DETAIL.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1623b_Grodno_view_DETAIL-768x491.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Grodna - Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6.&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eg5anmd elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eg5anmd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e7ccd\" data-id=\"36e7ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e729a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e729a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">description<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febb385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"febb385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grodna - Vera Designatio Urbis in Littavia Grodn\u00e6<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610fe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"610fe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\">11.9 x 18.7 inches \/ 30.5 x 48 cm. Copied after an engraving by Matthias Zundt, 1568, after a drawing by Johann Adelhauser, 1567. First edition was 1575. Also a <i>DETAIL<\/i> image.<\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"text\"><b><i>1623 Commentary on Lithuania by Georg Braun, accompanying his view of\u00a0 Grodno:<\/i><\/b> &#8220;Lithuania is a vast but uncultivated land, east of Poland, with much grassland and marshes. The episcopal city of Vilnius is the capital, and it is as big as Cracow with all its suburbs. The next biggest is Grodno, which lies on the river Cronon, or Memel, partly in the plain and partly on hilly ground. There are only a few stone houses standing together, the houses are roughly built, with little care; the city also has no walls or towers, gates and fortifications. But nearby there is a castle and a royal palace on the mountain, there the King of Poland has his seat.&#8221;<\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"text\"><b><u><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Grodno<\/span><\/u><\/b><b><i><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (Bel.: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430, tr. Hrodna; Rus.: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e; Lith.: Gardinas):<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Founded: late 10th century; first reference: 1127 in the &#8220;Ruthenian (Russian) Primary Chronicle<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-p5fzadt elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"p5fzadt\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dae59b1\" data-id=\"dae59b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59109b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59109b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Year<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c163e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c163e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1623<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690ed9e\" data-id=\"690ed9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab8eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab8eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Author<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e382e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e382e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/03\/braun-georg\/\"> Braun<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/03\/hogenberg-frans\/\">Hogenberg<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8709b1\" data-id=\"a8709b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c9e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25c9e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e64f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e64f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.sanderusmaps.com\"><em>www.sanderusmaps.com<\/em><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Map gallery<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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