{"id":21252,"date":"2024-02-18T10:13:03","date_gmt":"2024-02-18T10:13:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/?p=21252"},"modified":"2024-03-22T18:08:32","modified_gmt":"2024-03-22T18:08:32","slug":"grodna-1575","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2024\/02\/18\/grodna-1575\/","title":{"rendered":"Grodna, 1575"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"21252\" class=\"elementor elementor-21252\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e87c594 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"e87c594\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-901262e\" data-id=\"901262e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24565ce elementor-arrows-position-inside elementor-pagination-position-outside elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-carousel\" data-id=\"24565ce\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;slides_to_show&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;navigation&quot;:&quot;both&quot;,&quot;autoplay&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_hover&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;pause_on_interaction&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;autoplay_speed&quot;:5000,&quot;infinite&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;effect&quot;:&quot;slide&quot;,&quot;speed&quot;:500}\" data-widget_type=\"image-carousel.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container{position:static}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-container .swiper-slide figure,.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper .swiper-slide figure{line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-image-carousel .swiper-slide{text-align:center}.elementor-image-carousel-wrapper:not(.swiper-container-initialized):not(.swiper-initialized) .swiper-slide{max-width:calc(100% \/ var(--e-image-carousel-slides-to-show, 3))}<\/style>\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel-wrapper swiper-container\" dir=\"ltr\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image-carousel swiper-wrapper\" aria-live=\"off\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"1 of 2\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Grodna,&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1575. Hebrew University:\nhttp:\/\/historic-cities.huji.ac.il\/east_europe\/east_europe.html\n\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEyNTQsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAyXC8xNTc1X0JyYXVuX0hvZ2VuYnVyZ19WaWV3X29mX0dyb2Ruby1zY2FsZWQuanBnIiwic2xpZGVzaG93IjoiMjQ1NjVjZSJ9\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1575_Braun_Hogenburg_View_of_Grodno-scaled.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1575_Braun_Hogenburg_View_of_Grodno-768x486.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Grodna,&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div><div class=\"swiper-slide\" role=\"group\" aria-roledescription=\"slide\" aria-label=\"2 of 2\"><a data-elementor-open-lightbox=\"yes\" data-elementor-lightbox-slideshow=\"24565ce\" data-elementor-lightbox-title=\"&quot;Grodna,&quot;\" data-elementor-lightbox-description=\"1575. From www.davidrumsey.com\" data-e-action-hash=\"#elementor-action%3Aaction%3Dlightbox%26settings%3DeyJpZCI6MjEyNTUsInVybCI6Imh0dHBzOlwvXC9saWV0dXZvc2thcnRvZ3JhZmlqYS5sdFwvbGl0aHVhbmlhbm1hcHNcL3dwLWNvbnRlbnRcL3VwbG9hZHNcLzIwMjRcLzAyXC8xNTc1X2hvZ2VuYmVyZ19ncm9kbm9fZGF2aWRydW1zZXlfQ09NUDM1LXNjYWxlZC5qcGciLCJzbGlkZXNob3ciOiIyNDU2NWNlIn0%3D\" href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1575_hogenberg_grodno_davidrumsey_COMP35-scaled.jpg\"><figure class=\"swiper-slide-inner\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"swiper-slide-image\" src=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/1575_hogenberg_grodno_davidrumsey_COMP35-768x507.jpg\" alt=\"&quot;Grodna,&quot;\" \/><\/figure><\/a><\/div>\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-prev\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-left\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-swiper-button elementor-swiper-button-next\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"eicon-chevron-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"swiper-pagination\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-eg5anmd elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"eg5anmd\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-36e7ccd\" data-id=\"36e7ccd\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e729a4a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e729a4a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-heading-title{padding:0;margin:0;line-height:1}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title[class*=elementor-size-]>a{color:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-small{font-size:15px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-medium{font-size:19px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-large{font-size:29px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xl{font-size:39px}.elementor-widget-heading .elementor-heading-title.elementor-size-xxl{font-size:59px}<\/style><h5 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">description<\/h5>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-febb385 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"febb385\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Grodna<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-610fe6f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"610fe6f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.17.0 - 08-11-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\"> Cologne, 31 x 49 cm., from &#8220;Civitates Orbis Terrarum,&#8221; \u00a0first published in Cologne in 1572. Over a hundred different artists and cartographers engraved copper plates from drawings, the most significant being Antwerp artist Georg Hoefnagel, who not only contributed most of the original material for the Spanish and Italian towns but also reworked and modified those of other contributors, including Munster&#8217;s German views from the 1550 and 1572 editions of his &#8220;Cosmographia.&#8221; Braun added to the maps figures in local dress, because, he said, he believed the plans would not then be scrutinized for military secrets by the Turks, as their religion forbade <br \/>them from looking on representations of the human form.<\/span><\/p><p><span class=\"text\"><b><u><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">Grodno<\/span><\/u><\/b><b><i><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> (Bel.: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430, tr. Hrodna; Rus.: \u0413\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e; Lith.: Gardinas):<\/span><\/i><\/b><i><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"> Founded: late 10th century; first reference: 1127 in the &#8220;Ruthenian (Russian) Primary Chronicle<\/span><\/i><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-p5fzadt elementor-section-content-top elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"p5fzadt\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-no\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dae59b1\" data-id=\"dae59b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59109b5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"59109b5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Year<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c163e08 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c163e08\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1575<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-690ed9e\" data-id=\"690ed9e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab8eba elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7ab8eba\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Author<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e382e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5e382e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span class=\"text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/03\/braun-georg\/\">Braun<\/a> &amp; <a href=\"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/2022\/11\/03\/hogenberg-frans\/\">Hogenberg<\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a8709b1\" data-id=\"a8709b1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-25c9e7a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"25c9e7a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Sources<\/h3>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e64f90 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0e64f90\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.davidrumsey.com\"><em>www.davidrumsey.com<\/em><\/a><\/p><p><em>Hebrew University<\/em><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Map gallery<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":21254,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_eb_attr":"","site-sidebar-layout":"","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[88,14],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-21252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-grodno","category-town-views"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21252","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=21252"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21252\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":21261,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/21252\/revisions\/21261"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/21254"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=21252"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=21252"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lietuvoskartografija.lt\/lithuanianmaps\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=21252"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}