Poland, Lithuania and Prussia, 1803

from the Ottomon Turkish  “Cedid atlas tercümesi” (“New Atlas Translation”), Istanbul, from the first Muslim-published world atlas based upon European geographic knowledge and cartographic methods. The Atlas is based on Faden’s “General Atlas of the Four Grand Quarters of the World,” a
copy of which was acquired by Mahmud Raif Efendi when he was a private secretary at the Ottoman
embassy in London. He contributed the introductory text to the atlas.